Slavery in the USA - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1321 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Slavery Essay Did you like this example? With the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492, the new opportunities were endless, and everyone wanted their share of the riches. Spain, England, Portugal all wanted pieces of the New World and were willing to pay the ultimate price in search of gold and glory. Across Europe, Africa, and most of the Old World, slavery has been used in almost every society dating back to before the ancient Greek and Roman empires. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Slavery in the USA" essay for you Create order The need for labor is ultimately what fuels the desire to own slaves to build what would eventually become the Americas that we know today. Just as in their homelands, the people who came to the Americas brought over their version of slavery. For years, Portugal and Spain were enslaving Africans and transporting them all over the world. This is the beginning of the slave trade that will ignite the expansion of agriculture economies in the Southern half of colonial America. In England, and also in the colonies, there was no English law on slavery. There were indentured servants that would serve for a specified amount of time and then would eventually gain their freedom but none were actual slaves as we know the word today. Even though to the south in Spanish colonies, the slave trade was exploding, the British Colonies did not adopt race based slavery right away. Instead it was a gradual transition from servitude to slavery that also encompassed a transition from slavery based off of individual circumstance to slavery based off of race. This occurred due to a multitude of reasons but two crucial factors were ease of acquiring African slaves and the need for massive amounts of labor. The discovery of the New World was not only about land, there was also the discovery of all new goods that were otherwise not known to anyone in Europe or Africa. Goods such as tobacco from Virginia or Sugar from the Caribbean were in high demand across Europe and thus resulted in the vast expansion of production in the Americas. Tobacco farms expanded immensely across Virginia due to the states excellent growing conditions. With many people flocking to the Chesapeake region to stake their claim in order to get rich, there was a major need for labor. In the beginning, the English farmers knew that in order to get rich off of tobacco, it would need to be produced in massive quantities. First, the English tried to enslave the Chesapeake tribes that were native to the region. This proved very difficult due to their numbers and knowledge of the region. At the time in Virginia, land was readily available to anyone who wanted some. This in turn created a huge problem for plantation owners because People who could make a living for themselves from the land had little reason to work for someone else (Clark, 68) which created a major labor shortage. In order to solve this problem, many land owners turned to indentured servants. In the early days of tobacco farming, most laborers were indentured servants (Clark, 64) rather than African slaves. Meanwhile, back in England, their own economic hardships made recruiting indentured servants very easy for land owners in Virginia. Men would sign contracts for periods of four to seven years with the promise of receiving their freedom and fifty acres of land after the completion of their term. For low skill agriculture workers, this was a great opportunity to get transportation to the colonies with the prospect of receiving a large amount of land in the future. When this did not meet the needs for labor, English authorities turned to the undesirable population of England itself. Orphans were shipped to the colonies to serve as indentured servants until the age of twenty-one when they would be freed. This did not become successful due to a large number of them dying after only a couple years of hard work in the fields. Another option that was tried was using convicts from England. This was not very popular amongst land owners because these people have already broken the law foreshadowing difficulty keeping them disciplined on the plantations. After exhausting these other forms of labor, the English colonies began to rely more and more on race based slavery just like the Spanish and Portuguese colonies to the south. After exhausting other means of labor and still failing to meet the requirements of plantation owners, people living in the English colonies in the southern half of the colonies turned to race based slavery of Africans. Although this clearly did not happen overnight, there was always an underlying tone of racism in the colonies towards Africans. Whether it was in judicial proceedings or in everyday life, the Africans always seemed to be on the receiving end of a harsher punishment. Starting in the middle of the seventeenth century, laws were written to codify the enslavement of Africans. In 1662, Act XXI states that negro womens children to serve according to the condition of the mother (Henning 42) which began the tradition of passing on the chains of slavery from parents to children. Following this, Africans were no longer protected by the law that stated that an Englishman could not enslave a fellow Christian. And if that did not make it easy enough to enslave Africans, it was enacted that all servants imported and brought to this country, by sea or land, who were not Christians in their native country shall be accounted and be slaves (Henning 42). It was laws like these that laid the foundation for the Chesapeake region and the rest of the south to transform into slave society. Another factor that contributed to this massive change was the expansion of the colonies and the improvement of the English economy. Less and less indentured servants were coming over from England and the ones that did were headed to new colonies such as Pennsylvania in search of better op portunities. The creation of laws against Africans plus the underlying notion that whites were superior to blacks was just the beginning. When people moved south to form the colonies of North and South Carolina and then Georgia, they brought the tobacco agriculture with them. At first, these colonies relied on both indentured servants and on slaves. Georgia even had a law prohibited slavery. After a shortage of servants, the land owners turned to African Slaves and Georgia removed the law prohibiting slaves. This paved the way for the slave society of the south. The final nail in the coffin for potential African slaves was the English takeover of the slave trade. This monopolization of the slave trade made it easier and cheaper for English land owners in the colonies to buy and sell slaves. This drastically increased the number of slaves in the colonies as the plantation owners turned to an all slave workforce to cultivate their wealth. In addition to the English monopoly on the slave trade, African rulers also sold their own people into slavery. Seizing the opportunity to gain wealth and to be able to trade for goods otherwise unknown to Africans, leaders of tribes and kingdoms betrayed their own citizens to achieve personal power and wealth. This made is easier for Europeans to enter Africa and take people hostage to transport across the Atlantic. Throughout the history of the world, slavery has always been present and is not just an American invention. With the discovery of the new world, there was numerous opportunities for many men to get rich. The southern half of the American colonies were very well suited to grow cash crops whose demands soared in England and across Europe. Land owners needed one thing, cheap labor. After experimenting with servants and other types of labor, the colonies ultimately resorted to race slavery and it worked very well. This labor force was able to be harshly disciplined and worked hard all day without the need to care for them creating a relatively low-cost business.

Learn the Colors, and Colorful Expressions, in German

Every language has its own colorful expressions and symbolism, including German. But in German,  bunt  or  farbenfroh  (colorful) expressions are usually very literal: Expressions that contain colors—grà ¼n (green),  rot (red),  blau  (blue),  schwarz  (black), and  braun  (brown)—use colors literally. Adjectives and Expressions As in English, the German words for colors (Farben) usually function as adjectives and take the normal adjective endings. In certain situations, colors can also be nouns and are thus are capitalized, as in: Eine Bluse in  Blau a blouse in blueDas  Blaue  vom Himmel  versprechen   to promise heaven and earth, or literally, the blue of the heavens In German, colors are used, literally, to give color to expressions. For example, in English,  you can feel  blue, be yellow, or see red. In  German, these colors may or may not have the same meaning.  Blau, for example,  can have numerous meanings in German, including drunk or black (as in black eye). In Germany and Austria,  political parties  are often identified by or associated with a specific color. Both the Austrian and German conservative parties are  schwarz, while the socialists  are  rot. Various other political parties in German-speaking Europe are identified by other colors, and one political coalition is even called  Ampelkoalition, thetraffic-light coalition (red, yellow, green:  SPD, FDP, Grà ¼ne). Learning the Colors The table provides literal translations of the colors, as well as colorful expressions, in German. The color is listed in German in the first column, with the English translation in the second, followed by a colorful phrase or expression in the third. Click on the link in the third column to bring up a sound file that will allow you to hear the color in German followed by the expression using the color. Colors - FarbenClick on  Audio  to hear a color and its sample phrases. Farbe Color Colorful Phrases (color adjectives) rot red der rote Wagen (the red car), der Wagen ist rot rosa pink die rosa Rose (the pink rose)* blau blue ein blaues Auge (a black* eye), er ist blau (hes drunk)*In German, a black eye is blue. hell-blau lightblue die hellblaue Bluse (the light blue blouse)** dunkel-blau darkblue die dunkelblaue Bluse (the dark blue blouse) grn green der grne Hut (the green hat) gelb yellow ein gelbes Licht (a yellow light) orange orange das orange Buch (the orange book) braun brown die braunen Schuhe (the brown shoes) beige beige der beige Kasten (the beige box) violett violet der violette Hut (the violet hat) lila lilac/mauve der lila Hut (the lilac hat)* wei white das weie Papier (the white paper) schwarz black der schwarze Koffer (the black suitcase) grau gray der graue Pulli (the gray sweater) trkis turquoise eine trkise Karte (a turquoise card) silber silver eine silberne Mnze (a silver coin) gold gold eine goldene Mnze (a gold coin), eine Goldmnze * Colors ending in -a  (lila, rosa) or -e  (beige, orange) do not take the normal adjective endings.** Light or dark colors are preceded by  hell- (light) or  dunkel- (dark), as in  hellgrà ¼n  (light green) or  dunkelgrà ¼n  (dark green).

Differentiate Between Delirium And Dementia - 938 Words

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY Student’s name Prof’s name Course title Date Qsn. 1 Differentiate between delirium and dementia Delirium is also referred to acute state of confusion that presents in three forms. Its symptoms are severe confusion and bewilderment in the hyperactive form it is also characterized by an equally sudden pulling out from dealings with friends and the rest of the outside world. In the third form that is mixed delirium all these symptoms occur in an individual, it however occurs in people in their later years, Birks, J 2006. Delirium is also characterized by attention deficits, irregular course and a broad-spectrum severe ineptitude of performance. Cognitive deficits, perceptual deficits, tainted sleep-wake cycle, psychotic features and changes in arousal. These psychotic features include hallucinations and delusions. Delirium is a clinical set of symptoms and not a disease and mostly consequences from a core disease. Dementia is a broad category of brain disease that is often characterized by the ability to clear reasoning and the ability to thin are lost resulting into a severe effe ct on how one functions. People with dementia have symptoms such as agitation, balance problems, tremor, speech and language difficulty, memory distortions, depression or anxiety, disinhibition and impulsivity, wandering or restlessness and trouble eating and swallowing, Rochon P.A. 2009. Qsn. 2Describe differences in dementia from Alzheimer’s disease, HIV-1Show MoreRelatedEssay on Understanding Dementia in the Elderly532 Words   |  3 PagesDelirium, Depression, and Dementia are some of the most common psychological diagnoses in the elderly today. The three D’s are difficult to differentiate between in older adults because they overlap with each other and can all exist in the same patient at once. 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Cross Cultural Communication Communication - 2036 Words

Many organizations are incompetent in being able to understand the differences between cultures and wanting to promote cross-cultural communication. Promoting interaction between different cultures has its advantages, but it also takes a great amount of time and research to be successful in cross-cultural communication (Barker). Not having a strong cross-cultural understanding will inhibit companies from being able to compete with their competition due to lack of concern for other cultural differences around the world. Cross-cultural communication is no longer an option where one can choose to participate in practicing cross-cultural communication with other cultures. It is now a requirement for many companies in order to keep their company financially stable in the market. Companies now are seeking for individuals from diverse backgrounds and business experience to assist in implementing a program to keep up the communication efforts between all cultures the company has a connection with (Zofi). Companies having a cross-cultural communication program will allow management to make better decisions based on cultural differences when dealing with other cultures. To understand what cross-cultural communication is companies should create a program to educate and assist employees with their business decisions. For individuals to truly grasp cross-cultural communication they must first understand what defines a culture. Culture is the system of beliefs founded on the valuesShow MoreRelatedCross Cultural Communication And Communication744 Words   |  3 PagesCross-cultural communication is increasingly recognized as a major barrier to leveraging intellectual assets globally. 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Essay on Database design process - 906 Words

Abstract Database Systems has a practical, hands-on approach that makes it uniquely suited to providing a strong foundation in good database design practice. Database design is more art than science. While its true that a properly designed database should follow the normal forms and the relational model, you still have to come up with a design that reflects the business you are trying to model. This paper shows describes design process of database project. The importance of Completing the Design Process An important point to keep in mind is that the level of structural integrity and data integrity is in direct proportion to how thoroughly the design process is followed. The less time spent on the design process, the greater the risk of†¦show more content†¦Before starting any application design process, sit down and talk it out. If you cant describe your application ¡Ã‚ ªincluding the objectives, audience, and target market ¡Ã‚ ªthen youre not ready to build it, let alone model the database. Once you can describe the actions and nuances of your application to other people and have it make sense to them, you can start thinking about the tables you want to create. Start with big flat tables because, once you write them down, your newfound normalization skills will take over. You will be able to find your redundancies and visualize your relationships. The next step is to do the normalization. Go from flat table, to first normal form, and so on, up to the third normal form if possible. Use paper, pencils, Post-it Notes, or whatever helps you to visualize the tables and relationships. Theres no shame in data modeling on Post-it Notes until youre ready to create the tables themselves. Plus, theyre a lot cheaper than buying software to do it for you, which range from one hundred to several thousands of dollars! After you have a preliminary data model, look at it from the applications point of view. Or look at it from the point of view of the person using the application youre building. This is the point where you define business rules and see if your data model will break. An example of a business rule for an online registration application is, quot;Each user mustShow MoreRelatedquestion answer1663 Words   |  7 Pagesexample Chapter 16 - Review Questions 16.1 Describe the purpose of a design methodology. A design methodology is a structured approach that uses procedures, techniques, tools, and documentation aids to support and facilitate the process of design. 16.2 Describe the main phases involved database design. Database design is made up of three main phases: logical and physical database design. 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Billy The Kid Essay Example For Students

Billy The Kid Essay Billy the KidBilly the Kid is one of the most famous outlaws in American history.He has been a widely told figure in American history as well as folklore.The have made movies from his history and have also wrote many books on him.Most of Billy the Kids life remains a heated controversy throughout America. Billy the Kid was born in New York City on November 23, 1859 to William and Kathleen McCarty Bonney and given the name William H. Bonney (There are other stories of his birth but this one is the most reliable).The first recorded killing committed by Billy the Kid was on August 17, 1877.This is also where he got his nickname Kid.The story has it that he got in a fight with a blacksmith in a saloon where the blacksmith slapped him and threw his to the floor.Knowing that he was no match for the much bigger and older blacksmith he drew his gun and shot the blacksmith who died the next day.He was arrested but the escaped and began running from the law, something he did all of his life. Billy the Kid eventually moved to Lincoln County, New Mexico were he began working for J.H. Tunstall.Tunstall was a rich farmland owner who had an ongoing feud with L.G. Murphy and J.J. Dolan over farmland and grazing rights.Billy the Kid looked at Tunstall as a father and would do anything for him.But on February 18, 1878, Tunstall was gunned down by a group of deputies who were under the authority of Sheriff William Brady who was a major Murphy and Dolan supporter.Billy the Kid swore revenge and said he would not rest until the Murphy and Dolan group was dead.Billy had ended up killing most of the group but was still looking for Sheriff Brady.On April 1, 1878 Billy got his wish.Billy and a group of five friends positioned themselves behind an adobe wall and waited for Brady and his posse to come into town.When they finally did Billy and his band of outlaws opened fire from their ambush and killed Brady and his posse.Even though Billy used great strategy to gain the upper hand on Br ady he was regarded as a coward for the ambush and lost the support of the people who had supported him. While the Lincoln County War went on between Billys gang and the new sheriff George Peppin, Lew Wallace the new governor had charged Billy with murder.When Billy heard of this he told Wallace that he would turn states evidence on three killers if he received a full pardon.Wallace agreed and met with Billy on March 17, 1879.When they finally met Wallace was shocked to see a slender boy with only a faint stubble of beard, who was the most feared gunman in the West.Even though he agreed to testify he didnt want to surrender so Wallace granted a fake arrest.Billy testified and with that it brought great fame.He reveled in this fame and couldnt get enough of it.After the trial Billy agreed to be put on a mock trial for murder but Wallace guaranteed his release.Even though he was assured a pardon Billy decided to escape.That is when Wallace put a $500 price on his head and when one of his good friends Pat Garrett became a sheriff and was sent to look for him. Billy the Kids death is probably the greatest debated aspect of his life.On July 14, 1881 while Billy was visiting a Mexican woman at the Maxwell ranch Pat Garrett found him in the large ranch house.In Garretts report he stated that Billy came into the bedroom armed with a pistol and a knife expressly to kill me if he could.I had no alternative but to kill him or suffer death at his hands.It is reported that Billy had been shot in the back while others report that Garrett had shot him right in the heart.Either way the brief career of this outlaw ended in a very short time.

Involvement Of Stakeholders Existing Practiceâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Involvement Of Stakeholders Existing Practice? Answer: Introduction With the help of this report information related with the financial reporting as well as financial statements will be shared so as to provide better as well as effective set of information to the organizations. For an organization it is necessary to make an appropriate financial statement because it is essential aspect which helps in providing relevant set of information to the stakeholders available in the market. On the basis of given case study this project report has been prepared on the Sunshine Ltd industry that is a departmental store in which depreciation straight line method is being used. It is assumed after studying the case study that general manager of the organization desires to diminish the past years profit and add it on to the approaching years. This report gives the fair idea about the involvement of stakeholders like immoral practices, governance, ethical behavior and these can make negative impact on the companys stakeholders. Apart from this, some help is to be p rovided to the manager by suggesting recommendation in order to make changes according to the AASB116. Discuss, analyze and research ethics and governance of the above case. Your paper should address the stakeholders, ethics, governance, changing depreciation methods and suggestions for Maria to ensure compliance with the AASB116. Ethics During the decision making process ethics should be considered as principles and moral (DeGeorge , 2014). Ethics is considered as an important element by which right decision is to be made by involving moral values into the decision and influence both external and internal environment of business. It is assumed that activities of an organization should not affect the surrounding environment and society norms and their practices that they are going to use must be fair, incorporated and honest through which nourishment of a society can be done (Eun, 2009). Issue related to ethics As it is given in the case study that issues related to the ethics is to be evaluated through manager and accountant (Fernando, 2012). There are some aspects associated with the professional ethics which must be followed by the employees and professionals of the organization and perform their duties with fairness, integrity and honesty. It is suggested by the general manager of the Sunshine to the accountant Maria that some changes should be implemented into the financial statement of the company and generates fair revenue in the upcoming year (Frankena, (2015). After taking suggestion an accountant of Sunshine Ltd has prepared his mind to make some alteration into the financial statement by shifting the method of depreciation to sum of years digits methods from straight line method. In this situation, ethical issue has been generated that financial statement of Sunshine Company is being altered according to the necessity in which basic accounting guidelines are being unnoticed (Raym an, 2013). Governance Governance is considered as well defined system which establish policies and rules for the organization in order to maintain and manage the practices of business .Some ethical guidelines is to be developed in favor with the stakeholders by which organization can be able to attain its goals without disrupting interests of stakeholders ( Fernando, 2012) Issues of governance Governances task is to focus on the fulfillment of proper guidelines and organizations internal process along with some external rules and laws that are implied by the government (Karapinar, et. al., 2012). It is also discussed that policies and procedures must be followed by the company which is provided by governance. As given in this case study that Sunshine Ltd has not been able to follow up the accounting standard so that can further impact the interest of stakeholders. It is considered to be obligatory to open up with the method of depreciation which is being used within the company and also disclose the reason of changing the depreciation methods or else it will become the issue of governance ( Fernando, 2012) Involvement of stakeholders in the existing practice Stakeholders are considered as the participants who are associated with the organization directly or indirectly (Chapple, 2016). Decisions which are taken within the premises can influence the interest of stakeholder. In the present case, the manger of Sunshine Company has tempered the statement of finance through which they can attract more stakeholders. For attracting stakeholder manger changes the depreciation method by which she can show that her company is making profit consistently (Finch, 2010). It is a wrong practice which is being performed by the manager on ethical basis which can make negative impact on the stakeholders and some are discussed below: Investors They are the unit that can support the business by giving funds for operating activities of an organization. By performing this immoral activity by the manager of tempering the financial statement of an organization showing more profit in comparison with reality can attract more investors. Investors expect higher returns on the basis of companys wrong financial statement but in reality they will get nothing (Rayman, 2013). Government It is mandatory for an organization to imitate all regulations which are prescribed by the government. Sunshine company has shown false profit in its financial statement which is not ethically correct and breaking the rules of accounting standards which is treated as high offence and can influence the image and goodwill of an organization (Arnold, 2013). Management Management is considered as the unit which manages all activities and functions of an organization (Baxamusa, et. al., 2015). According to the recent situation, the decision of the management will also get influenced. By making false presentation of profit in the financial statement management of Sunshine Ltd would make several decisions in respect to execute new business activity and further on this will influence the stakeholder of this company. (Karapinar, Zaif and Torun, 2012 Suppliers Suppliers are considered as the external stakeholder by whom organization can get resources. This situation of showing wrong profit in the statement will attract more suppliers but in reality when suppliers will come in contacts with the company they get to know the reality and they lose trust over company which can generate the issues of liquidity to the company (Baker, et. al., 2013). Customers By taking such great step of showing wrong profit will attract more customers but after sometime the real position of Sunshine Company will be revealed and customers trust over company will be breached. That can further affect the goodwill of the company and no customers can trust them again (Arnold, 2013). Accounting standards compliances Changing of depreciation method Based on the evaluation of the case, to represent consistent and reliable profits in next years financial ledger, the accountant changed the current methodology of depreciation (Bacon, 2010). As per the standard codes of accounting, it is mandatory to furnish the depreciation methodology at first place (Fernando, 2012). It is also mandatory to provide information about depreciation expenses and asymmetrical features about depreciation. The firm Sunshine Limited has been using conventional methodology for fixed assets depreciation calculations (Baker, et. al., 2013). Depreciation charges must be furnished on sufficient assets having vision of financial support for the company. Australian Accounting, Standard 1021 suggests the features associated with the overheads of depreciation of companies. The depreciation methodology, as per the standards, can only be changed or modified categorically in the below circumstances only, If there is a change in the government laws. In this case, based on the directions by the governing bodies, the methodology can be changed or modified. Betterment of the information; i.e. in order to represent the economic statements intuitively and more accurately. The change should also be well explained (Baker and Filbeck, 2013). Any other situation, where the change is required to comply with the existing laws. Here, in the case study of Sunshine Limited, it is observed that there are no lawful reasons for change in methodology of accounting depreciation (Eun, 2009). To comply with the Australian accounting standards 116, below is the suggestion for the accounts officer Maria, As per the Australian accounting standard 116, it is mandatory for the accountant to furnish the information that can affect the stakeholders (Baxamusa, et. al., 2015). Reason being, the stakeholders make their financial decisions after studying the financial statements of the company. It is therefore suggested to the accountant to furnish the transparent information useful for the stakeholders to make right and unbiased decisions. If the information is insufficient and it can affect the interests of the stakeholders, it is not suitable as per accounting ethics (Bacon, 2010) It is also suggested to the accountant to furnish the information about the amount of depreciation levied and the methodology used to furnish the same (DeGeorge , 2014). In addition, it is also mandatory to furnish the details about the reason for change of the methodology. The reason should be valid and should be one from the above stated circumstances. It is suggested to the accountant to furnish the details about the change in the methodology she used. (Finch, 2010) Conclusion It is concluded on the basis of this project report that a financial statement of an organization is act like a face of a company on which basis important decision is to be taken and which shows the companys real and exact position in the market. It is mandatory to all the organizations to imitate the rules and procedure which are provided by the government. Company should perform activity which is right ethically. It is suggested that company should not make alteration into the financial statement as this can breach the trust of their stakeholder. By showing right information helps the organization to attract more stakeholders on trust basis References; DeGeorge , R. T. (2014). Business Ethics. Pearson Educatio. Eun, C. (2009). International Financial Management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Fernando. (2012). Business Ethics and Corporate Governance. Pearson Education. Frankena. (2015). Ethics. Pearson Education. Rayman, R., 2013.Accounting Standards. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Karapinar, A., Zaif, F. and Torun, S., 2012. Accounting Policies in the Extractive Industry: A Global and a Turkish Perspective.Australian Accounting Review, 22(1), pp.40-50. Anon, 2001.International Accounting Standards 2001. London: International Accounting Standards Committee. Finch, B., 2010.Effective financial management. London: Kogan Page. Arnold, G., 2013.Essentials of corporate financial management. Harlow, England: Pearson. Bacon, F., 2010.Corporate financial management. Acton, MA: Copley Custom Textbooks. Baker, H. and Filbeck, G., 2013.Portfolio theory and management. New York: Oxford University Press. Baxamusa, M., Mohanty, S. and Rao, R., 2015. Information Asymmetry about Investment Risk and Financing Choice.Journal of Business Finance Accounting, 42(7-8), pp.947-964. Chapple, S. (2016). Book review: Aiming for Global Accounting Standards: The International Accounting Standards Board, 2001-2011.Accounting History,21(2-3), pp. 364-365.